浅析工程款拖欠的后果和解决的新思路

近年来，我国建筑业发展很快，工程款拖欠现象愈演愈烈．工程款拖欠已成为一大顽疾，不仅影响了建筑行业的正常发展，同时也给社会经济带来负面影响，严重损害了农民工的切身利益，直接影响到社会的稳定与安全，重点分析了拖欠工程款的危害，同时给出一些解决的办法。     

钢管缺陷位置对电磁超声传感器检测结果的影响

由于电磁超声传感器 (EMAT)钢管缺陷检测时 ,缺陷位置会影响检测结果 ,为此 ,设计了EMAT钢管缺陷检测的实验方案。通过理论与实践分析得到EMAT无法实现位于探头的正下方的缺陷的检测。     

住房抵押贷款的理性违约及其风险的规避

分析了住房抵押贷款中借款人的理性违约，认为因住房贬值而导致的借款人理性违约，实质上是住房的价格风险在供款人和贷款人之间的重新再分配。基于对我国住房抵押贷款市场中缺乏违约风险规避机制的分析，作者提出了建立我国由政府性质的担保机构和商业保险公司共同提供保险的综合违约风险规避机制的设想。此外，就建立政府性质担保机构的问题进行了着重探讨，通过对美国联邦住房管理局（FHA）的住房抵押贷款互助保险基金（MMIF）的分析，并结合中国实际，得出了中国有必要设立政府性质担保机构的结论。     

浅析钻孔灌注桩成桩缺陷及预防措施

主要介绍钻孔灌注桩的常见质量缺陷及预防措施,旨在为类似工程施工提供借鉴。     

语言的功能与跨文化交际

在英语教学中重视文化差异对语言功能的影响,通过中西文化对比培养学生对语言文化差异和语义的民族性的敏感性,增强对文化交流中"文化缺省"等文化图式的认识和积累,以科学的态度去对待异域文化,使学生克服交际恐惧感,提高语言交际能力,顺利开展跨文化交际活动.     

Univariate and default standard unit biases in estimation of body weight and caloric content.

College students estimated the weight of adult women from either photographs or a live presentation by a set of models and estimated the calories in 1 of 2 actual meals. The 2 meals had the same items, but 1 had larger portion sizes than the other. The results suggest: (a) Judgments are biased toward transforming the example in question to the size and/or properties of a “standard” unit. For estimates of body weight, students assigned weights assuming a standard height, even though height information was provided in the photographs or directly present with live models. (b) There is an inclination to focus on 1 aspect or dimension of the stimulus (e.g., for female figures, their width, for meals the identity of the components as opposed to their size) and either devalue or completely ignore another parameter critical for accurate judgment (height, for the case of body weight estimations). That is, students defaulted to a normative unit size and thus treated the stimulus as a representative, categorical, and unvarying example, and focused on only 1 dimension (univariate bias) in making judgments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Why the global availability of mind wandering necessitates resource competition: Reply to McVay and Kane (2010).

When the mind wanders, conscious thoughts come to mind that are only loosely related to the task being performed. This phenomenon produces tension within the cognitive sciences because the interfering nature of these thoughts is at odds with the assumption that such processes are functional in daily life. In their comment, McVay and Kane (2010) suggested that failures in executive control can create the conditions that favor mind wandering—a control-failure hypothesis that questions whether mind wandering consumes resources. Whether mind wandering always occurs following a control failure, it is always a conscious reportable experience and so is globally available to the system. Such global availability suggests that mind wandering does indeed demand resources, in particular access to a global workspace that supports conscious experience. Although the control-failure view explains the transient occurrence of mind wandering during demanding tasks, the global availability hypothesis is consistent with all mind wandering, regardless of context; it is implied by many features of the argument proposed by McVay and Kane (2010). Consideration of these issues leads to the conclusion that when the mind wanders, specific information from the default mode becomes globally available to the system; in this respect, mind wandering is resource demanding inasmuch as it occupies the global workspace necessary for consciousness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

评价交流接地网施工及运行可靠性的相关问题分析

结合现场测试情况以及解决部分接地施工验收争议问题的经验,提出接地网评价的主要指标,如:电气完整性测试结果、接地电阻校核、接触及跨步电压校核、接地网导体通流容量验算、所处土壤的电阻率及pH值。以上指标均能定量,易于形成评价分值。对新建投运与运行多年两类情况,各指标所占权重应有差异。在运行中的发、变电站内,采用变频电流注入,可降低测试接触及跨步电压的不确定度。因土壤电阻率与入地电流频率间有关系,采用变频不宜偏离工频超过10Hz。在不同温、湿度条件下测量,接地网电阻有一定差异,这种差异有时会达到25%。     

缺省理论的简化

缺省理论△=(D,W)中的缺省规则集D,是该理论的不确定因素.如果能去掉一些缺省规则而又不影响该理论的延伸,则就在一定程度上简化了该理论.本文证明了关于规范缺省理论的延伸的若干性质,利用这些性质,我们可以把某些规范缺省理论在一定条件下得以化简,有的甚至可以把它们化为一阶逻辑理论.     

Revising deductive knowledge and stereotypical knowledge in a student model

A user/student model must be revised when new information about the user/student is obtained. But a sophisticated user/student model is a complex structure that contains different types of knowledge. Different techniques may be needed for revising different types of knowledge. This paper presents a student model maintenance system (SMMS) which deals with revision of two important types of knowledge in student models: deductive knowledge and stereotypical knowledge. In the SMMS, deductive knowledge is represented by justified beliefs. Its revision is accomplished by a combination of techniques involving reason maintenance and formal diagnosis. Stereotypical knowledge is represented in the Default Package Network (DPN). The DPN is a knowledge partitioning hierarchy in which each node contains concepts in a sub-domain. Revision of stereotypical knowledge is realized by propagating new information through the DPN to change default packages (stereotypes) of the nodes in the DPN. A revision of deductive knowledge may trigger a revision of stereotypical knowledge, which results in a desirable student model in which the two types of knowledge exist harmoniously.